非天然氨基酸

特殊氨基酸和保护基团

与20种天然氨基酸不同，这些氨基酸不通过遗传密码编码，通常他们作为代谢产物在自然界中发现，特别是在植物和细菌中。

双元泰和提供的特殊氨基酸包括以下分子，如果没有找到你需要的氨基酸，请咨询：

E-Acetyl-Lysine
-Alanine (3-amino-propionic acid) -Alanine is the only natural occurring -amino acid, present e.g in panthothenic acid.
Aminobenzoic acid
6-Aminocaproic acid (Aca, 6-Aminohexanoic acid) This amino acid is often used as a linker to increase the distance between the peptide and an additional modification, e.g. a fluorescent dye.
?-Aminobutyric acid (Abu) ?-aminobutyric acid (or GABA) is an inhibitory transmitter of the central nerval system. It enhances permeability of postsynaptic membranes for chloride ions, thus leading to hyperpolarisation and consequently to an increase of the membrane's activation potential.
Citrulline (Cit) Citrulline is a metabolic reagent in the urea metabolism pathway of many terrestric vertebrates. In this pathway, unwanted ammonia is being detoxified and eliminated.
Cysteine, Acm (Acetamidomethyl) protected this specially protected Cys is used to selectively form disulfide bridges.
Dimethyl-Lysine
Hydroxy-Proline (Hyp) Hydroxy-proline is present almost exclusively in structural proteins (e.g. collagens or connective tissues in plant cell walls or mammals). It is formed during a posttranslational modification of proline in cells.
Mercaptopropionic acid
Methyl-Lysine
3-Nitro-Tyrosine
Norleucine (Nle = 2-amino hexanoic acid)
pyro-Glutamic acid (Pyr) pyro-Glutamic acid (Pyr) is a common N-terminal amino acid modification in many biologically active peptides (hormones).
Z (Carbobenzoxyl) special protecting group for N-terminus.
D-amino acids Amino acids carrying four different groups on their a-C atom (i.e. asymmetric C atom, or C*) are chiral substances. These a-amino acids can be found in respective L- and D-forms (enantiomers): The predominant form in natural proteins is the L-form. As some enzyme classes are enantioselective, i.e. they can distinguish between L- and D-forms and specifically accept only one of the two forms as substrate, this enantioselectivity makes D-amino acids a valuable tool in medicine (e.g. in peptide antibiotics) and enzyme assays.
Heavy Amino Acids In contrast to special amino acids composed of 12C and 14N atoms, heavy amino acids can be substituted with 13C and/or 15N atoms. These heavy amino acids are non-radioactive, but 1 Da heavier than the standard amino acids. This molecular weight difference makes them useful tools for quantitative analysis of peptides by Mass Spectrometry (MS) and Nucleic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) e.g. for determination of protein structure and dynamics. The standard heavy amino acids you can find: